03. Bharatanatyam & Other Art Forms

In this Chapter 03, Shantha & Ram seamlessly weave Bharatanatyam’s elements with the intricacies of other Indian art forms, drawing parallels and showcasing their interconnectedness:

1. Music:
   • Bharatanatyam’s choreography is deeply rooted in Carnatic music, with its rich melodic and rhythmic structures.
   • The intricate relationship between tala (rhythm) and movement ensures a harmonious performance.
2. Sculpture and Architecture:
   • Shantha highlights how the poses (Karanas) in Bharatanatyam are often inspired by temple sculptures, particularly those seen in South Indian temples like Chidambaram and Thanjavur.
   • She draws attention to the architectural symmetry of temple spaces, mirroring the geometric precision in Bharatanatyam.
3. Literature and Poetry:
   • Bharatanatyam performances are often based on Sanskrit, Tamil, and Telugu literature, including works by saints like Andal, Mirabai, and Tulsidas.
   • Shantha discusses how poetry forms the soul of Bharatanatyam, with dancers interpreting verses through gestures and expressions.
4. Painting:
   • The expressive gestures (Mudras) and vivid costumes in Bharatanatyam resemble the intricacies of Indian miniature paintings, creating a visual feast.
5. Drama and Storytelling:
   • Bharatanatyam incorporates narrative elements from classical Indian theater traditions like Kutiyattam and Kathakali, enriching its storytelling techniques.

The Intricacies of Bharatanatyam

Shantha delves into the intricate aspects of Bharatanatyam, such as:

• Postures and Movements: The iconic Araimandi (half-sitting position) and its significance in achieving balance and grace.
• Abhinaya (Expression): How nuanced facial expressions convey a spectrum of emotions, from love to anger.
• Adavus (Basic Steps): The foundational sequences that combine rhythm, movement, and hand gestures.
• Rasas (Emotions): The nine emotions (Navarasas) that are central to Bharatanatyam’s storytelling.

Through her insights, Shantha emphasizes that Bharatanatyam is not merely a dance form but a philosophical and spiritual practice, representing the divine connection between the performer and the audience.

Celebrating India’s Cultural Diversity

In the latter part of the chapter, Shantha broadens her focus to discuss other art forms across India, celebrating the diversity of traditions that enrich the country’s cultural heritage:

• Kathak (North India): The narrative-driven dance with intricate footwork and spins.
• Odissi (East India): Known for its fluid movements and devotional themes.
• Kathakali and Mohiniyattam (Kerala): Elaborate storytelling through dramatic expressions and costumes.
• Folk Dances: Forms like Garba, Bhangra, and Lavani, which reflect regional vibrancy.

By exploring these art forms, Shantha highlights how Bharatanatyam remains a pillar of Indian classical arts, yet is part of a broader tapestry of creativity and expression.