Author: Ram Krishnamani Date: January 8, 2025
Chapter 01: Introduction to Bharatanatyam
In this foundational chapter, Shantha Lakshmi and Ram engage in an insightful conversation that serves as a gateway to understanding Bharatanatyam, one of India’s most cherished classical dance forms. The discussion introduces readers to the origins, essence, and cultural significance of Bharatanatyam, weaving together its spiritual, artistic, and historical dimensions.
Bharatanatyam: A Timeless Tradition
Shantha begins by tracing Bharatanatyam’s roots back to the temples of Tamil Nadu, where it emerged as a sacred art form performed by devadasis as an offering to the divine. She emphasizes the dance’s spiritual essence, describing it as a medium to bridge the earthly and divine realms. Ram contributes by highlighting Bharatanatyam’s role as a form of devotion and meditation, seamlessly integrating storytelling, music, and movement.
Core Elements of Bharatanatyam
The discussion dives into the essential components that define Bharatanatyam:
- Nritta (Pure Dance): Shantha explains how Nritta showcases rhythm and technical skill through intricate footwork and precise movements.
- Nrittya (Expressive Dance): The emotional aspect, where gestures and facial expressions narrate stories and evoke rasa (emotions).
- Natya (Dramatic Performance): The theatrical dimension, incorporating elements of drama to bring mythological tales to life.
The Natya Shastra Connection
Ram elaborates on the role of the Natya Shastra, the ancient treatise on performing arts authored by Sage Bharata, as the guiding framework for Bharatanatyam. He explains how this seminal text codifies the principles of dance, detailing movements (karanas), emotional expressions (rasas), and the spiritual objectives of the art form. Shantha complements this by describing Bharatanatyam as the “Fifth Veda,” created to make divine wisdom accessible to all.
Fusion of Bhavam, Ragam, and Talam
Shantha emphasizes the triadic elements that form the foundation of Bharatanatyam:
- Bhavam (Expression): The dancer’s ability to convey emotions and moods.
- Ragam (Melody): The musical backdrop, primarily rooted in Carnatic music, which creates a spiritual atmosphere.
- Talam (Rhythm): The rhythmic cycles that guide the dancer’s movements with precision and grace.
Ram notes that this fusion allows Bharatanatyam to transcend linguistic and cultural barriers, making it a universal art form.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The duo discusses Bharatanatyam’s evolution from its origins as a temple ritual to its modern stage adaptations. Shantha reflects on its resilience during colonial times when it faced suppression, and its revival through the efforts of pioneers like Rukmini Devi Arundale, who redefined the dance for contemporary audiences while preserving its classical essence.
Cultural Legacy and Modern Relevance
Ram highlights Bharatanatyam’s role as a symbol of India’s cultural heritage, celebrated globally for its depth and artistry. Shantha shares anecdotes of how the dance continues to inspire both practitioners and audiences, serving as a means of self-expression, spiritual connection, and cultural preservation.
A Personal Invitation
The chapter concludes with Shantha and Ram inviting readers to embark on a journey through Bharatanatyam, promising a deeper appreciation of its beauty, complexity, and enduring legacy. Their discussion sets the tone for the book, blending historical context, artistic analysis, and personal reflections to engage readers in the captivating world of Indian classical dance.
